דּוּד dūd – basket, jar
Semantic Fields:
Utensils Containers
Author(s):
Paul Sanders
First published: 2026-06-28
Citation: Paul Sanders, דּוּד dūd – basket, jar,
Semantics of Ancient Hebrew Database (sahd-online.com), 2026
(WORK IN PROGRESS)
Introduction
Grammatical type: noun masc.
Occurrences: 8x HB (0/5/3); 0x Sir; 1x Qum; 0x Inscr. (Total: 9)
- Nebiim: 1 Sam 2:14; 2 Kgs 10:7; Jer 24:1, 2 (2x);
- Ketuvim: 2 Chron 35:13; Ps 81:7; Job 41:12;
- Qumran: 3Q15 4:8.
A.1
1 Root and Comparative Material
A.1 Akkadian:
2. Formal Characteristic
A.1
3. Syntagmatics
A.1
4. Ancient Versions
Septuagint (LXX)1
- κάλαθος, ‘basket narrow at the base’: 2 Kgs 10:7; Jer 24:1, 2 (2x);
- κάμινος, ‘furnace’: Job 41:12;
- κάρταλλος, ‘basket’: 2 Kgs 10:7;
- κόφινος, ‘basket’: Ps 81:7;
- λέβης, ‘cauldron’: 2 Chron 35:13;
- χαλκίον, ‘copper vessel’: 1 Sam 2:14 (?).
A.1 Most of the manuscripts of the LXX represent the four Hebrew terms for cooking vessels in the MT of 1Sam 2:14 – כִּיּוֹר, דּוּד, קַּלַּחַת, פָּרוּר – by only three Greek expressions: λέβης + μέγας – χαλκεῖον – χύτρα/κύθρα. These three Greek renderings occur in this order in Codex Vaticanus LXXB: καὶ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὴν εἰς τὸν λέβητα τὸν μέγαν ἢ εἰς τὸ χαλκίον ἢ εἰς τὴν κύθραν, ‘and he thrusted it into the large cauldron and into the bronze cauldron and into the earthen pot’. The deviating order λέβης + μέγας - χύτρα - χαλκεῖον occurs in LXXAnt.1
Peshitta (Pesh)3
- ܐܝܪܐ (ʾīrā), ‘pot’, ‘shovel’: 1 Sam 2:14; 2 Chron 35:13;
- ܐܣܘܪܝܐ (ʾasūryā), ‘bondage’: Ps 81:7;
- ܕܘܪܬܐ (dūrṯā), ‘vat with feet for coals on which a kettle is placed and from which smoke is emitted’: Job 41:12 ??;
- ܡܣܢܬܐ (msanṯā), ‘basket’: 2 Kgs 10:7; Jer 24:1, 2 (2x).
A.1
Targum (Tg)
- דּוּד, ‘pot’, ‘cauldron’: 1 Sam 2:14; 2 Chron 35:13; Job 41:12;
- סַל, ‘basket’: 2 Kgs 10:7; Jer 24:1, 2 (2x);
- קְדַר, ‘cooking pot’: Ps 81:7.
Vulgate (Vg)4
- caccabus (< κάκκαβος), ‘cooking-pot’: 2 Chron 35:13;
- calathus, ‘basket’, ‘vessel’, etc.: Jer 24:1, 2 (2x);
- caldaria, ‘hot water container’: 1 Sam 2:14;
- cofinus (< κόφινος) , ‘large basket’, ‘hamper’: 2 Kgs 10:7; Ps 81:7;
- olla, ‘pot or jar (esp. for cooking)’: Job 41:12.
A.1
5. Lexical/Semantic Fields
A.1
6. Exegesis
A.1
6.1 Textual Evidence
6.2 Pictorial Evidence and Archaeology
7 Conclusion
Bibliography
For the abbreviations see the List of Abbreviations.
Walter Dietrich, ‘Doch ein Text hinter den Texten? Vorläufige textkritische Einsichten eines Samuel-Kommentators’, in: Hugo & Schenker 2010:133–59.
Natalio Fernández Marcos, José Ramón Busto Saiz, El texto antioqueno de la Biblia griega, I: 1-2 Samuel (TECC 50), Madrid: Instituto de Filología, C.S.I.C.
Alexander M. Honeyman, ‘The pottery vessels of the Old Testament’, PEQ 71:76-90.
Philippe Hugo, Adrian Schenker (eds), Archaeology of the Books of Samuel: The Entangling of the Textual and Literary History (SVT, 132), Leiden: Brill.
Jürg Hutzli, Die Erzählung von Hanna und Samuel: Textkritische und literarische Analyse von 1. Samuel 1–2 unter Berücksichtigung des Kontextes (ATANT, 89), Zürich: Theologischer Verlag Zürich.
Benjamin J. Noonan, Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact (LSAWS, 14), University Park, Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns.
Donald W. Parry, ‘“How Many Vessels”? An Examination of MT 1 Sam 2:14/4QSama 1 Sam 2:16’, in: Peter W. Flint, Emanuel Tov, and James C. VanderKam (eds.), Studies in the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, and the Septuagint Presented to Eugene Ulrich (SVT, 101), Leiden: Brill, 84–95.
Julio Trebolle, ‘Textual Criticism and the Composition History of Samuel: Connections between Pericopes in 1 Samuel 1–4’, in: Hugo & Schenker 2010:261–85.